Procurement, contracts and strategies Assignment

Procurement, contracts and strategies - Assignment Example It seems to oscillate between adopting a bold and inspirational stance and being timid and accepting. It is caught between the need to encourage as much growth as the local economy can accommodate and the desire to be selective and discerning on the grounds of quality. There is a wide gap between the ambition of being a truly European city and the reality. Those who aspire to be control of urban development in Leeds are more at its mercy than they could like to think or have us believe. Leeds city council struggles to raise the value of their goods and services. This will lead to improvement in the monetary value. The following procurement strategy is mainly focused on the openness and transparency, category management, lifecycle approach the skills and capacity of procurement professionals. This idea is striving to exploit the examples of good practice and skilled with expertise professionals that are within the council’s premises from the local community to the international community. In addition, it also deals with the private sector and the public and responds to the views received through extensive ranging discussion and pilot projects. Recently changes have occurred to the procurements of Leeds city council that are not far related to those of Staffordshire county council. It has been overshadowed that the changes will take approximately twelve months to be fully implemented and function in Leeds city council across all units of the council. This procurement strategy will be checked semi-annually together with the documents set to show the possible changes and lessons learnt from the new procurement. Leeds city council at present spends $1500 million each financial year in terms of revenue and capital. The council acquires a very extensive range of services, goods and works. This includes back office support and the

The Movie Called Crash English Literature Essay

The Movie Called Crash English Literature Essay Most people would say that at one time or another they have felt like seeking revenge. Is it not in human nature to fight back when we are hurt? Edmond Dantes from The Count of Monte Cristo does something extraordinary. Framed by his best friend for a crime he has never committed, he takes it upon himself to seek revenge on all those involved. This revenge all but consumes him; it becomes the focal point of his existence. Many a murder, rape, and assault in todays society have been the result of revenge. Thankfully, not everyone goes to such extremes to seek payback for a wrong done unto them. The film however lets us live vicariously through Dantes. We can sympathize with his emotions and almost excuse him for his actions because of the extenuating circumstances he has gone through. One concept discussed was that of a role model. The power to shape society comes from those that we look up to in a leadership positions. There are positive and negative role models. It is hopeful that the ones we choose to look up to fall into the positive rather than the negative category. As an example, Edmond Dantes is a good man that becomes victim of unfortunate circumstances. If the film had continued as started Dantes would have been a positive influence. However, due to his twist of fate he becomes a negative role model up until the very end of the movie. This is when he acknowledges all he has done in the name of revenge and realizes although the outcome is good what he had done to get there was wrong. It is never a good idea to seek revenge as it hurts everyone involved. This was the lesson Dantes figured out at the very end of the film. The concept of social mobility is quite interesting. I know I myself, would not turn down such an opportunity within my lifetime. Think of all the doors that can open up to one that is privileged enough to up their social position. Many people in our society work very hard daily not just to survive, but also in the hopes to better their lives in such a way. Would social mobility not have been a benefit to some of the characters in Boyz n the Hood? It could have opened doors to a better education, and perhaps replaced poverty with the opportunity to lead a better quality of life. Maybe fewer characters would have lost their lives. Such an improvement in social class may have provisioned them with the opportunity to become productive members of society. The third concept I can identify with is that of the psychopath. I am sure that at some point in our lifetime we will all meet up with at least one. For me that psychopath was a friend in high school. She was so charismatic that you could not help wanting to be friends with her. Soon however, I caught her lying in order to manipulate me. Everything she did was with the focus on her getting her way; or whatever object she desired at the time be it human or otherwise. When confronted my friend would easily laugh things off, often making me feel silly for mistrusting her in the first place. In the end her lack of remorse for the hurtful things she had done cost our friendship. This friend had personality traits closely related to that of Christine from The Bad Seed. Christines lack of empathy and remorse lead to murder in her attempt to get whatever her heart desires. Christine plays the part of a charming and perfect little girl. She is poised, well mannered, and a doting daughter. Und erneath the exterior, she is actually a manipulative psychopath controlling the unwitting adults and world around her as if they were puppets. 4. We viewed some great socially relevant films this quarter. Here are two more that I believe would fit in perfectly as well. Crash an intense socially charged movie that involves people of all colors, races, social classes and sexual orientation. To put it precisely there are enough issues brought up in this film to offend everyone. However, strange as it may sound it is not stereotypical in the least. Every character has a surprising quality about them that keeps the viewer from forming or keeping an absolute opinion of them. The movie in itself is about different groups of people living in Los Angeles whose lives become intertwined in some way; usually violence, and collide. Each character in the film tends to play the part of the protagonist. Yet they also tend to foil themselves through their own prejudices. In turn, every character actually becomes their own antagonist as well as that of those around them. Crash is full of conflict in regards to racial tension or profiling, corruption within the police force, and political issues. It deals with issues such as drugs and poverty affecting minorities, as well as revenge. It exposes how the characters seeking revenge take their anger out on an entire race rather than those who originally wronged them. The main setting takes place in Los Angeles over a two-day period. However, we find the background switching back and forth from the affluent part of the city, to a middle class neighborhood, and finally to the poverty stricken hood. A wide variety of concepts we studied can applied within the film. Hypergettoization applies to the poverty, despair, and drug addiction the characters living in the hood are dealing with. The strain theory pertains strongly to a part in the movie when two young black men steal a car that would normally be unattainable to those living in poverty. The concept of stratification is viewed throughout the entire film; and strong divisions of society with emphasis on its different levels are clearly pointed out. 12 Angry Men is another film with the subject matter of social conflict and prejudices. A young Latino from the slums remains accused of murdering his father and put on trial. A jury of twelve men from very different social, economic, and cultural backgrounds convenes to decide the boys fate. Initially eleven of the twelve jurors are quick to declare the boy guilty due to their own personal prejudices. One lone unprejudiced juror is able to convince the others to put their hatred aside in order for the boy to be given a fair trial. The non-biased juror represents the protagonist in the film; while those with prejudices act as the antagonists. The jurors symbolize our government, while the young Latino is representative of all those who the government has ever unjustly accused. The conflict in this film is also based on racial bias, prejudice, and fairness. The film is set in a juror room on a particularly stifling hot day. The air conditioning is broken leading to heated tempers and the trapped feeling of sardines in a can. Symbolic of the stifling feeling one must have while waiting for others to make the decision of your fate. The criminology concept fits into this film. Especially in the sense of how a criminal should be treated by society. The consensus of jurors did not go in with the innocent until proven guilty attitude; it was quite the opposite. Intersectionality may also be applied to the film. If we have an understanding of the interrelationships between different social and racial groups; then we can have better relationships with members of different social profiles. 6. The movie The Bad Seed brings up many psychological questions. It is an extremely risquà © movie for the culture of the 1950s since this was a time when the issue of juvenile delinquency was becoming more progressive. The most controversial question this movie poses is are there those that are just born evil? The second important issue addressed is that of mental disorders. Is it safe to assume that those that fall under the category of psychopath or sociopath acquired these traits through a hereditary condition? It seems that it is more acceptable or the norm for us to think of adults as having these types of disorders. When it comes to children with these psychological problems, it tends to be harder for society to accept the idea. Who wants to believe that children are not always as innocent as they seem? Although many questions are brought up, there are no definitive answers by the end of the film. We as viewers are left to question ourselves about our own beliefs on the subject. Perhaps it is not such a silly idea to believe that a psycho or sociopath is actually born into society and not necessarily the product of society. The most obvious concepts that apply are sociopath and psychopath. Rhoda obviously has all the classic traits. She is charming and sweet, yet she is a manipulative liar that will stop at nothing including murder to get what she wants. Nature vs. nurture is relevant as well. The theory to this day is still very debatable. Is a persons personality determined more so by their genetic background or the environment they grow up in? In Rhodas case, the former rather than the latter appears to be the true. Where does this leave us by way of role models? Rhoda seems to have had positive role models. Her parents and the upstairs property owner known as Aunt Monica, all have prominent roles in her life. We know role models can have a positive or negative effect but Rhodas role models seem to have neither influence on her. She is what she is with or without their example. Other relevant concepts that apply are norms; or proscriptive norms since murder is obviously a taboo act in our society. The Bad Seed is a great controversial film the ending does not seem fitting. However, I wonder what would have been done differently, had there been no Hays Code restrictions at the time. 7. The main point of Bulworth is to express the radical change that needs to take place within politics. It is time for a new attitude; the rich control politics. The middle class and the poor do not have very much pull if any. In reality, politicians are just puppets filled with the ideas of those with the money to finance their campaign. The film also points out that there is still an incredible amount of racialism. People of color are still not treated, as they should be; even by politicians who promise to address the issues that are of most concern to them. Warren Beatty is attempting to address the separation issue that is still upheld today between social classes and race. Through all his rhyme and rap Beatty gets his point across shockingly well. The message that he is trying to convey is that people are people. No matter the color or race, people of the same social classes need to break down the walls. The white middle class has much more in common with the black middle class than they will ever have with the rich. Once society understands this concept, we would no longer exist as the ghosts but would become the spirit that Beatty is looking for. I believe he is telling us that only at such a level can we expect the changes we are looking for to take place. Politicians need to take on more of a populist attitude such as Bulworth. The common person deserves to have his needs met just as much as the rich. The film makes an issue of pointing out and mocking the oligarchy that takes place during a political campaign. Lastly, the entire film is an allegory based on the corrupt process of politics, how we live as a society, and the economics of the U.S.

Forms of Assessment :: Teaching Education

Forms of Assessment If one was to draw a continuum on a piece of paper to plot out the different methods of language education the transactional method would be close to the center of the line, with the transmissional method and organic/Romantic method on the opposing ends. The transmissional method of instruction stresses direct instruction, usually with drill and practice type of exercises. The lessons are skills based with a stress on â€Å"part to whole† language. This refers to experiencing words as their individual graphophonemic parts. The transactional method of teaching stresses the facilitation of information from the teacher to the student. Learning for the transactional teacher is a social process with the learner. Knowledge is constructed by the learner and language is taught from â€Å"whole to part†. Whole to part refers to the context with which the learner sees text. Rather than learning words and graphemes individually, the learner sees them in full texts. These lang uage methods are often shaped by the particular paradigm that each teacher chooses. The search for truth forms the various paradigms that we have discussed in class. According to Realism, truth can be found only in the real world. The quest for knowledge ends with what we can see and feel and touch. Realism is very empirical and scientific therefore translates into a transmissional view of language. An example of a philosophy that comes from this paradigm is Essentialism. In contrast to Realism, Pragmatism holds that there is no truth. Truth is not found in the real world, but truth is relative. It is defined and constructed by the learner. The Pragmatist view translates into a transactional method of language instruction. The transaction between the teacher and the learner is a mutual quest for knowledge. The prime example of a philosophy of education that arises from Pragmatism is Constructivism. The third out of the three main paradigms that form educational thought is Idealism. Unlike Pragmatism, Idealism says that there is truth. Also, unlike Realism, Idea lism says that truth can be found in the metaphysical. So where does that leave Christians? Christians find knowledge in both the metaphysical (from God) and from the real world (His creation). That means that there must be a middle ground between Realism and Idealism. This middle ground is called Christian Theism. Christian Theism holds that there is truth and that it can be found, through God and His works.

Photosynthesis – Limiting Factors

[pic] Photosynthesis Outline Terms and Vocabulary Autotroph Photosynthesis Photon Pigment Chloroplast Reaction Center Electron Donor Molecule Electron Transport System Ferredoxin NADPH RuBP PGA Cuticle Stomata Rubisco Photorespiration C4 Pathway Concepts 1. What are two Adaptations of plant leaves for capturing light? 2. Describe the properties of Light Energy in terms of energy and wavelength. 3. Why are Pigments important for Photosynthesis? 4. What two types of reactions take place during photosynthesis? 5. Summarize the results of Light dependent Reactions. . Summarize the results of Light-Independent Reactions. 7. Where are the pigments for the light-dependent reactions located in the leaf? 8. What is the function of a photosystem? 9. What is the function of water in the light-dependent reactions? 10. Describe the similarities and differences of Photosystems I & II 11. What are the limiting factors to photosynthesis? 12. Describe adaptations that allow the leaf to retain water. 13. Explain how photorespiration reduces production of glucose. Look at the graphs below. A |[pic] |B |[pic] | |C |[pic] |D |[pic] | 1. Which graph best shows the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis? 2. 3. Which graph best shows the effect of increasing carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis? 4. Which graph best shows the effect of increasing temperature if light and carbon dioxide are not limiting (i. e. he levels of light and carbon dioxide are high). If you plot the rate of photosynthesis against the levels of these three limiting factors you get graphs like the ones below. [pic] Limiting Factor In biology, agricultural science, physiology, and ecology, a limiting factor is one that controls a process, such as organism growth or species population size or distribution. The concept is based upon Liebig's Law of the Minimum put forth by German geochemist, Justus von Liebig, in 1840. It can be easy to conceive how a limiting resou rce (say, food) controls a process (say, growth) by running low or running out.However, some biological and ecological processes are controlled by too much of a factor (such as heat) rather than too little. Or, processes may be controlled by complex interactions of factors (Shelford, 1952). At any given moment, the rate of a physiological process is limited by the one factor which is in the shortest supply. (Toole pg 273) – The factor which is nearest its minimum value determines the rate of the reaction. – Changing the levels of this factor will change the rate of the reaction. Changing the levels of the other factors will have no effect on the rate of the reaction. Example [pic] [pic] 1. Up to A1, A2 and A3 the concentrations of CO2 is the limiting factor for the respective light intensities. 2. Low Light Intensity: beyond A1 light intensity is the limiting factor because increasing the light intensity (medium value) increases the rate of photosynthesis. 3. Medium Li ght Intensity: beyond A2 light intensity is the limiting factor because increasing the light intensity (high value) increases the rate of photosynthesis. . High Light Intensity: beyond A3 the limiting factor could be light intensity, chlorophyll content, temperature or the enzyme system. It cannot be CO2 concentration because increase in CO2 concentration does not lead to an increase in photosynthesis. [pic] 1. Up to A1, A2 and A3 the light intensity is the limiting factor for the respective CO2 concentrations. 2. Low CO2 concentration: beyond A1 CO2 concentration is the limiting factor because increasing the CO2 concentration (medium value) increases the rate of photosynthesis. . Medium CO2 concentration: beyond A2 CO2 concentration is the limiting factor because increasing the CO2 concentration (high value) increases the rate of photosynthesis. 4. High CO2 concentration: beyond A3 the limiting factor could be CO2 concentration, chlorophyll content, temperature or the enzyme system . It cannot be light intensity because increase in light intensity does not increase photosynthesis. [pic] In commercial greenhouses horticulturists try to maximise productivity by maximising the rate of photosynthesis.How do they achieve this? – Clear glass maximizes light intensity – Extra lighting in winter – Glass traps heat energy from solar radiation – Heaters raise night time temperature – Gas and oil heaters put extra carbon dioxide into the air. [pic] Photosynthesis and productivity †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   carbon gain by the plant (biomass) is dependent on the balance between carbon uptake by photosynthesis and carbon loss by respiration †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   factors influencing productivity include – light, – CO2, – temperature, – environmental factors: light:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   at low fluence levels, there is a net loss of CO2 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   light compensation point is where CO2 uptake and exchange equal zero (equivalent to an office or room) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   as fluence rate increases above compensation point, so does photosynthesis (C3 plants) until light saturation is reached (1/4 to ? full sun) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   light saturation occurs because CO2 is limiting †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   C4 plants don’t achieve light saturation as rapidly as C3 plants CO2: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CO2 content in atmosphere is about 0. 035% by volume (well below CO2 saturation point in plants) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   at higher fluence rates when CO2 is not imiting, photosynthesis increases †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   some commercial growers practice CO2-enrichment to increase yield and biomass   temperature: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   temperature response is influenced by temperature dependence of enzymes and chemical reactions †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   cardinal points are used to describe te mperature minimum maximum, and optimum of a reaction †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   many reaction rates tend to decline sharply following optimum due to enzyme denaturation †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   for photosynthesis, temperature response curves represent the average of many different enzymes, but are dominated by rubisco (C3 plants) and PEPcase (C4 plants) water:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   water stress causes a decline in photosynthesis †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   water stress triggers stomatal closure and subsequent decrease in CO2 levels †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   turgor pressure reduces leaf expansion decreasing photosynthetic surface area †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   even mild water stress causes decrease in net photosynthesis nutrients, pathology, and pollutants: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   photosynthetic capacity is especially sensitive to nitrogen †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   rubisco accounts for ;50% of total leaf nitrogen †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   pathogen stress reduces photosynthetic capacity †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   environmental pollutants (sulpher dioxide, ozone, heavy metals) also reduce capacity eaf factors: Question:   Which has a higher photosynthetic rate – a pine tree needle or a maple tree leaf? Why might needles be favored over leaves on pine trees? †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   productivity of plants is impacted by leaf canopy †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   canopy is determined by age, morphology, angle and spacing of individual leaves †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   in older plants, lower leaves may be shaded and fall below light compensation point (negative carbon gain) and are a burden to the plant †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   many annuals undergo sequential senescence to avoid the burden †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   some leaves change with the angle of the sun [pic] pic] [pic] ———————– A plant in the dark does not photosyn thesize. [pic] Increasing the amount of light increases the amount of photosynthesis. [pic] Even if a plant in the dark is well watered and given increasing amounts of carbon dioxide it will not photosynthesize. Only a change in light intensity will alter the rate. Light is the limiting factor.

Four Contextual Factors

1. Four Contextual Fators Apple have shown an ample example that they have implemented the four contextual factors in the organization which then lead to their organization successfulness. i. Culture – Steve Jobs, the founder of the organization have a clear vision and yet simple that he wants the whole organization to know. â€Å"Bringing the best personal computing, mobile communication, and portable digital music and video experience to consumers, students, educators, businesses, and government agencies through its innovative hardware, software, peripherals, services, and Internet offerings. Steve Jobs. ii. Strategy – Apple Inc. also spends a fair time of training and or re-training its employees on a global scale and comes up with many new devices to not only keep the shareholders happy, but also by braining storming and coming up with new technology so in which Apple Inc. can hire new employees; thus helping the global economy. Apple Inc. understands, as new ventu re grows, there can be a need for more and more administration. (Hisrich, Peters, 2010, p. p. 127) iii.Culture – Team building and team sustaining with repositioning is and can be a gruesome task, however ‘Time heals all wounds unless you pick at them. ’ (Shawn Alexander www. bellaonl ine. com/articles/art11602. asp) Managers worldwide can look at Apple Inc and learn that with any type of conflict; where it is by internal or external nature; can be maintained and or healed if the organization has a team willing to work and learn together if the team is willing to collaborate systematically. v. Enviroment – People believe that the leaders in the organization, especially Steve Jobs are one of the reasons for the organizational success; Human resources are a very important. Apple has been known to be a good employer. Its employees are appreciated and valued. They are provided with a healthy work culture that comes from learning organization, some of them feel that Apple has a wrong human resource strategy as they maintain secrecy.

Looking At Human Growth And Development Social Work Essay Example

Looking At Human Growth And Development Social Work Essay Example Looking At Human Growth And Development Social Work Essay Looking At Human Growth And Development Social Work Essay As a societal attention worker I have frequently learned through test and mistake what works in the existent universe, establishing my pattern on common-sense and non on abstract theories. But I recognise my positions are frequently based on sentiment and bias instead than evidence-based, peer-reviewed cognition and as Beckett suggests, our ain theories and thoughts about why people are as they are and behave as they behave, are normally rather inconsistent and arbitrary, based on our ain experience and on our ain demands ( Beckett, 2002:8 ) . Human growing and development theory is concerned with understanding how people grow and change throughout their lives, from the critical early phases to old age, and hence is indispensable for informing societal work pattern. The theory can be applied to a assortment of countries within human life and behavior including societal, cultural, emotional and psychological, and besides, moral, rational, religious and biological point of views. In this assignment I will concentrate on the psychological and cultural significance of the phases of development in relation to a 12 twelvemonth old in surrogate attention. Jake, a double heritage British male, was taken into attention 4 old ages ago following him being removed from his female parent Maggie an African Caribbean female aged 32. Jake and Maggie lived in a 3rd floor, 2 sleeping room flat in an country where drug dealing and drug related offense is common topographic point. In Jake s sleeping room he had a plastic box for his apparels and mattress on the bare floor with a pail for a lavatory as Maggie would lock him in his room when she went out. Maggie had been utilizing drugs for many old ages and her old spouse ( Jake s male parent ) introduced her to heroin 5 old ages ago. She rapidly became addicted and the relationship broke down shortly afterwards. Jake s male parent has non had any contact or attempted to do contact since the interruption up. Jake and Maggie had been known to Social Services as Maggie was a victim of domestic force and spent 4 months in a adult females s safety. Jake has had a figure of placement dislocations and has been unable to organize any fond regards with any of the Foster carers. Jake would frequently stool around the house and his last placement broke-down because Jake defecated in the Foster carers bed so went on to smear their sleeping room walls. Jake displayed troubles in utilizing a knife and fork and would frequently acquire frustrated and either eat with a spoon or his custodies. Maggie had been diagnosed as enduring from a terrible depression, worsened by her drug dependence. It is thought that whilst Maggie was traveling through a depressive episode she would physically mistreat Jake. Jake was frequently left on his ain for long periods whilst Maggie would be out in hunt of drugs. When she returned home Jake was subjected to emotional maltreatment and was frequently blamed by Maggie for their state of affairs. Jake has been in the fosterage system for a figure of old ages and in that clip he has non formed any meaningful fond regards. Whilst in arrangement Jake disclosed events and ideas which alerted Foster carers to the fact that there may be some unsolved issues that need to be addressed before Jake can travel on with his ain growing and development. Jake would frequently return to drawing his hair and slaming his caput on the wall if he felt he had done something incorrect and was traveling to be blamed for it. For illustration, when he by chance interrupting a cup. Jake is being assessed by CAMHs as he has been exposing behavior that indicates there may be an implicit in depressive mental wellness job. Theories of human development have produced accounts about the beginnings of mental upset in the countries of psycho-analysis and kid psychological science, from the early expansive theories of Freud and Bowlby and farther developed by Klein and Ainsworth. Freud saw psychodynamic theory as a more enlightening theoretical account in associating past psychological events to present twenty-four hours symptoms. Freud believed behavior is non ruled by witting procedures but conflicting unconscious procedures, he saw a individual s psychological procedures affecting antagonizing forces viing in an intra psychic struggle , a construct shared by many theoreticians of human growing and development. In Freud s theoretical account a kid starts life with specific basic instinctual demands, such as for nutrient or sexual satisfaction. Internally, the Idaho continually seeks to run into these demands, while the self-importance mediates between the desires of the Idaho and the restraints of the external universe, peculiarly the demands of important and powerful grownups in the kid s life, such as his female parent and instructors. Harmonizing to Freud these grownup figures are finally internalised in the signifier of the superego, or grownup scruple s. The kid s self-importance efforts to negociate the viing demands placed upon him, developing his ain distinguishable personality and come oning to adulthood ( Freud, 1949 ) . Erikson s psychosocial phases of development have Freudian psychodynamic beginnings. The thought that unconscious procedures cause struggle within worlds is besides cardinal to Erikson s theory. His staged development theoretical account is based on the thought that these intra-psychic struggles occur throughout our lives and necessitate to be resolved satisfactorily if we are to avoid psychological hurt and mental unwellness ( Erikson, 1995 ) . Erikson s psychosocial theory of human development physiques on Freud s psychodynamic theoretical account, but while Erikson accepts thoughts, such as the unconscious, he rejects constructs of the personality which are described entirely in footings of gender. Again, like Freud, Erikson believed childhood was cardinal in the development of personality, but that the personality continued to develop beyond the age of five ( Erikson, 1995 ) . Erikson s psychosocial theoretical account describes eight phases from babyhood and maturity. At each phase a individual encounters new challenges. If they are non successful in run intoing these challenges, they may re-emerge as jobs in the hereafter. However, while each phase presents new challenges, they besides provide chances to cover with the unsolved issues. In Erikson s theoretical account there is no premise that one phase has to be to the full completed or that the most favorable result has to be achieved before traveling on. In fact, he acknowledges that it is likely that everyone will hold unresolved issues from old phases and there is a favourable ratio between favorable and unfavorable results ( Erikson, 1987 ) . However, the more unsolved issues carried frontward, will hinder successful progressionaˆÂ ¦an unfavorable result in one phase makes it more hard to run into to the full the challenge of the following phase ( Beckett, 2006:42 ) . Erikson s theoretical account proposes a first phase that involves set uping a sense of trust ( 0 1 yrs. ) . If partially or wholly unsuccessful at this phase, so it will be more hard to accomplish a sense of liberty at the following phase ( 1 3 year. ) , and so more hard still to develop a capacity for enterprise in the following phase ( 3 5 year ) . The following phase in Erikson s theoretical account ( 6 11 year ) involves set uping a sense of competency and accomplishment, assurance in one s ain ability to do and make things ( Beckett, 2006: 43 ) . It is hard to reason how successful Jake was able to negociate old phases, nevertheless it has been suggested that despite hardships some kids are able to develop moderately well-balanced personalities showing resiliency and normal development under hard fortunes ( Crawford A ; Walker, 2003: 48 ) . One of the failings of Freud s and Erikson s theories of human growing and development utilizing phases as the theoretical account, is the underlying premise that everyone s lives follow these peculiar linear lines, and that we all, more or less, achieve the same mileposts at the same clip. However, we know this is seldom the instance. It appears, for case, that these theories were based entirely on a white, male Eurocentric theoretical account, and do non see specifically imposts from other civilizations or position. Baltes ( 1987 ) , for illustration, suggests human development is multidimensional, affecting biological, cognitive and societal dimensions, and multidirectional, non to be viewed as a individual fixed path which represents the norm, but as periods of changing growing and differing waies. Bowlby differs from Freud in that he saw an fond regard between kid, and female parent or primary attachment figure ( which may differ harmonizing to the societal and cultural background of household ) , as an indispensable demand in itself and non merely to run into basic demands, such as, nutrient and sex: Mother love in babyhood and childhood is as of import for mental wellness as are vitamins and proteins for physical wellness ( Bowlby, 1953 ) . Attachment theoreticians maintain that the manner we relate to other people through our lives is influenced significantly by our first relationship with our female parent or primary attachment figure ( Howe, 1995 ; Howe et Al, 1999 ) . They suggest, like Erikson and Freud, that many jobs in adulthood root from unsolved issues in these early fond regard relationships and these early relationships can determine an adults ability to organize relationships, to parent, to cover with loss, and influence mental wellness in maturity ( Bowlby, 1 990 ) . While accepting much of his work, critics of Bowlby claim he placed excessively much accent on the child/mother relationship and suggest kids may organize several fond regards which can be every bit of import ( Rutter, 1981 ; Fahlberg 1991 ) . However, kids who experience injuries are sometimes unable to come on without quashing or shuting down portion of their witting consciousness of these events. We can conceive of Jake necessitating to close out his experiences of childhood disregard and, harmonizing to Freud, automatically and unconsciously quash the events of disregard and maltreatment. We can see how barricading out these unsolved issues could emerge in the signifier of depression at some point in the hereafter. There is grounds of the societal beginnings of depression in adult females, proposing that specific life events, losingss and major long term jobs, such as childhood maltreatment, are important causes of depression ( Brown A ; Harris, 1978 ) . I feel that thi s best reflects Maggie s current state of affairs. We can conceive of Jake sing a sense of loss or maternal want ( Crawford A ; Walker, 2003 ) when faced with his female parent s depression. This is a common emotional reaction in carers of grownups with depression, the apparently most cardinal and common experience was the feeling that the individual they had known who had become sick had gone off: they had become person elseaˆÂ ¦there is the loss of the individual that was, and secondly, and more complexly, there is the experience of the loss of the old possibilities ( Jones, 1996: 98-99 ) . Although Maggie may hold experienced depression continuously before Jake s birth, it is more likely that she had periods of reprieve when her capacity for emotional heat and heed to her boy s demands was greater than during times of backsliding. The difference in the consistence and strength of a kid s attachment relationships is considered an of import factor by a figure of attachment theoreticians ( Ainsworth, 1973 ) . The theories of human growing and development discussed above suggest that Jake s experience of maltreatment as a kid may forestall him from developing into a mentally healthy grownup. He may hold automatically and unconsciously repressed the injury of these events, merely to see the mental hurt of depression in the hereafter. Jake may hold experienced physical maltreatment from an early age and failed to successfully accomplish a sense of trust or liberty or develop a capacity for enterprise while turning up. Even comparatively short periods of physical maltreatment at important phases may hold placed terrible force per unit areas on his relationship with his female parent. Jake may hold merely known his female parent as down, but their relationship may hold determined Jake s future capacity to organize relationships, for case, with surrogate carer s or at school with friends and instructors. The method of intercession in Jake s life could be usefully informed by research that links mental hurt with experiences of impotence. It has been suggested that mental hurt may be seen as utmost internalizations of impotence puting a paralysing power both over those who may see such signifiers of hurt, and those who portion their lives ( Tew, 2005: 72 ) . Using societal theoretical accounts, Tew suggests two complementary ways to understand mental hurt, internalization or moving out of nerve-racking societal experiences and a header or survival strategyaˆÂ ¦to trade with peculiar painful or nerve-racking experiences ( Tew, 2005: 20 ) . A individual s mental wellness demands may, to a certain extent, be determined by their rank of certain societal groups that experience systematic subjugation ( Fernando, 1995 ; Gomm, 1996 ) . Oppression, exclusion and impotence are the cardinal subjects of many societal theoretical accounts of mental wellness demands, related to structural inequalities in footings of age, gender, race and category and so on, and affecting households in footings of maltreatment. As societal workers we occupy a comparatively powerful place and may conspire with the systematic subjugation of black people with mental wellness demands: Factors such as subjugation, unfairness, societal exclusion or maltreatment at the custodies of powerful others may be implicated in the sequences of events that lead up to many people s experiences of mental and emotional dislocation. Power issues may besides determine the reactions that people receive from professionals and the wider community-for illustration, grounds suggests that African-Caribbean people may be more likely than many white groups to be dealt with more coercively ( Tew, 2005: 71 ) . When coming to a phase where we may be better able to understand Jake s current fortunes and doing initial judgements about the type of intercession most effectual in this instance, we need to recognize the restrictions of our penetrations and avoid the booby traps of doing noncritical premises. Tew suggests that authorization can be an built-in portion in the procedure of Jake s recovery. He outlines a theoretical account of power in footings of protection and co-operation and oppressive and conniving: In its more negative signifiers ( oppressive or conniving power ) it may be seen to play a function in building societal state of affairss which contribute to straiten or breakdownaˆÂ ¦in its more positive signifiers ( protective or co-operative power ) it starts to specify the district for effectual partnership working, anti-oppressive pattern and the enabling of recovery and societal inclusion ( Tew, 2005, p. 86 ) . Harmonizing to the psychodynamic theoretical account of human growing, Jake may hold grown up with many intra-psychic struggles which may be emerging in the signifier of a neurotic or reactive depression. He may hold many witting and unconscious demands which she has suppressed and repressed. In denying and barricading out the fulfillment of these demands, he may hold shut down countries of his consciousness which allows him to: experience emotion ; interact with others in a self-generated manner ; or see carry throughing close and intimate relationships with carer and their partner. Depending on the extent of physical maltreatment he encountered during his upbringing, it would be sensible to presume that he may hold been wholly or partially unsuccessful in: accomplishing a capacity for trust with his parent ; accomplishing liberty ; or developing a capacity for taking inaugural, as described in Erikson s psychosocial theoretical account. For these grounds, it seems likely he will h old failed to keep a healthy, consistent and sustained relationship with his female parent or other primary attachment figure in the opprobrious state of affairs he found himself. Intervention must take to turn to issues of power and impotence, both in the Foster carer/child relationship and outside it. As a adult male, as a individual with mental wellness demands, and as a member of a black or minority cultural group, Jake may see subjugation, maltreatment and societal exclusion. To turn to these issues elements of authorization and partnership should be portion of the attack with an intercession designed to turn to Jake s mental wellness demands should affect edifice on his attempts to accomplish his ain full potency. This will include his ability to organize and keep healthy relationships with others, that would decrease any dependance on formal bureaus and develop an alternate beginning of positive support and increase societal inclusion.

Free Essays on War And The Human Psyche

War and the Human Psyche The experience of war places stresses on the human spirit that cannot even be imagined. In the short story, â€Å"The Red Convertible,† Louise Erdrich illustrates the harsh effects of war on one’s character. War can turn even the most free-spirited person into a monster of some sort, where almost nothing will bring the person back to who they once were. In the short story, Henry and Lyman are the main characters in the story. Henry and Lyman were two free-spirited people, in the beginning. â€Å"Then, before we had thought it over at all, the car belonged to us and our pockets were empty. We had just enough money for gas back home.† The two made a major purchase on an impulse. â€Å"We went places in that car, me and Henry. We took off driving all one whole summer.† Only uninhibited people would just up and take off driving for no reason. â€Å"Some people hang on to details when they travel, but we didn’t let them bother us and just lived our everyday lives from here to there.† It was almost as if the two brothers went wherever the wind blew them to. â€Å"We were somewhere in Montana, or maybe on the Blood Reserve – it could have been anywhere. Anyway it was where we met the girl.† These two brothers picked up a perfect stranger! She asked them for a ride to Alaska and they happily obliged. When they got up there, they made themselves at home and g ot to know the girl more. â€Å"You couldn’t tell how much hair she had when it was rolled up so neatly. Then my brother Henry did something funny. He went up to the chair and said, ‘Jump on my shoulders.’ So she did that, and her hair reached down past his waist, and he started twirling, this way and that, so her hair was flung out from side to side.† Both Henry and Lyman were happy people; happy that is, until Henry was sent for to go into the army. When Henry returned from the army, he was definitely a changed person. â€Å"But he ... Free Essays on War And The Human Psyche Free Essays on War And The Human Psyche War and the Human Psyche The experience of war places stresses on the human spirit that cannot even be imagined. In the short story, â€Å"The Red Convertible,† Louise Erdrich illustrates the harsh effects of war on one’s character. War can turn even the most free-spirited person into a monster of some sort, where almost nothing will bring the person back to who they once were. In the short story, Henry and Lyman are the main characters in the story. Henry and Lyman were two free-spirited people, in the beginning. â€Å"Then, before we had thought it over at all, the car belonged to us and our pockets were empty. We had just enough money for gas back home.† The two made a major purchase on an impulse. â€Å"We went places in that car, me and Henry. We took off driving all one whole summer.† Only uninhibited people would just up and take off driving for no reason. â€Å"Some people hang on to details when they travel, but we didn’t let them bother us and just lived our everyday lives from here to there.† It was almost as if the two brothers went wherever the wind blew them to. â€Å"We were somewhere in Montana, or maybe on the Blood Reserve – it could have been anywhere. Anyway it was where we met the girl.† These two brothers picked up a perfect stranger! She asked them for a ride to Alaska and they happily obliged. When they got up there, they made themselves at home and g ot to know the girl more. â€Å"You couldn’t tell how much hair she had when it was rolled up so neatly. Then my brother Henry did something funny. He went up to the chair and said, ‘Jump on my shoulders.’ So she did that, and her hair reached down past his waist, and he started twirling, this way and that, so her hair was flung out from side to side.† Both Henry and Lyman were happy people; happy that is, until Henry was sent for to go into the army. When Henry returned from the army, he was definitely a changed person. â€Å"But he ...

One More Reason Why You Shouldnt Kill Bugs

One More Reason Why You Shouldn't Kill Bugs As a bug lover, Im always trying to convince other people to stop killing every six-legged critter that comes within ten feet. Its not just about my personal interest in insects. There are a lot of good reasons why you shouldnt kill bugs: Insects were here first, by over 300 million years. Technically, were on their turf. Insects killed the dinosaurs. What if T. Rex was still wandering around here, eating small children at will?*Other things eat insects, like birds and lizards and my cat.If you kill a good insect, youll wind up with more bad insects than you can possibly kill. Then youll be sorry.Some insects do essential jobs that Americans wont do, like pollinating flowers. A gentleman from Eatontown, NJ just demonstrated a whole new reason why you shouldnt kill bugs - you might just blow yourself to kingdom come. Isias Vidal Maceda attempted a little DIY extermination in his kitchen by spraying an unnamed brand of bug killer, only to have the chemical ignite an explosion. While he did succeed in eliminating the pests, he also eliminated 80% of his apartment and 100% of his eyebrows. * - In the interest of accurate reporting, I must admit that this particular statement might be a slight exaggeration. Not the part about insects killing the dinos, that parts true. According to Dinosaur Bob (Guide to Dinosaurs), the scuttlebutt among paleontologists today is that Tyrannosaurus Rex may have been an enormous sloth of a dino, incapable of pursuing and capturing small children.

Define empathy.Include what the text says Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Define empathy.Include what the text says - Essay Example The beginning of empathy is being aware of feelings of another person. It is easier to know about other people’s feelings by asking them how they feel, guessing, making personal judgments and interpreting of non-verbal clues. After figuring out about another person’s feelings, the next step is showing empathy through acknowledgement of the emotion (Adler, 2011). I have used empathy severally in my communication; however, I remember this particular instance that I did not use empathy. I was addressing a friend of mine who seemed to have difficulties adjusting to his new school because one of his new teachers was extremely hard on him. It was affecting him to the extent of not concentrating in his studies well. I remember passing through the same ordeal some time back, early in my education, but, with time I managed to adjust because I had a strong character. I did not refer this to my friend, and, hence, I did not seem to be of help to him. If I had mentioned that I had been in the same ordeal, my friend would have felt much better, and it would have helped him with his adjustment process. I once told my teacher that I did not finish his assignment in time because there was a power shortage in our area. The teacher came from my neighborhood, and I expected him to understand me since he was in the same situation. However, he rubbished my excuses and still punished me by asserting that he does not care whether there was power or not. I did not feel good about the experience since I expected him to empathize with my situation. Empathy is necessary in life as it enables others to feel well even when faced with difficult situations. When empathy is applied in people’s professional and personal lives, it ensures that there are noteworthy relations between people and that people faced with difficult situations are able to adjust

Marketing Communication Plan for Gap 360 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Communication Plan for Gap 360 - Essay Example all also identify that have an influence within the external and the internal micro and macro environment in the gap travel period and the market within which they operate. The key strengths of the company are a strong management team and deep market knowledge. This is supported by a healthy knowledge of web and strong design contacts that help to build a stronger travel network. Good understanding of social networking and internet marketing supported by plenty of financials support the Gap 360’s plans. The key weaknesses for Gap 360 is the economic slowdown and the rise in the number of small competitors has contributed towards rising costs of marketing and raise the difficulty in gaining the desired speed of SEO. The key opportunities that face Gap 360 include significant opportunities to hire top talent at cheap costs because of the economic scenario. Additionally, the company also has the advantage of economies of large scale operations in competition to smaller firms that operate with high overhead costs. Quick corporate structure and strategic partnerships can speed up the growth process for the company. The few threats the Gap 360 needs t o be careful about encompass the weak economic condition that reduces the disposable income at the hands of the consumer who, in turn, reduces his spending on leisure travel. Investment shortfall and inefficiency in operations might also cause serious setbacks (Hill and Jones, 2012; Goodley, 2010). The political scenario of United Kingdom is quite stable while the company organizes travel trips to those countries which are safe for leisure and educational travel. On the economic front, the company is facing tough times due to the weakening UK economy and the financial crisis that caused it. UK spending on leisure activities has reduced and there is a huge unemployment problem. The social scenario looks favourable to support gap year travels. The trend is also emerging in other nations like Australia, which might help Gap

Extra credit hrd495 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Extra credit hrd495 - Essay Example Secondly, he provides guidance on compensation and benefits scheme for employees. The manager stressed the fact that his role of developing employees places the responsibility of training and developing staff on him, including orientation of new employees, professional development workshops and seminars and leadership training. He consults with the executive management on strategic planning of the organization, hence serving as a link between the management and the employees to ensure that employees’ welfare have been catered for. The HR Manager had also been handing over legal counsel roles with regard to activities in risk mitigation to the newly appointed company legal secretary, the organization having grown bigger. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics, BLS (2012) sums up these responsibilities as planning, directing and coordinating the organization’s administrative functions. From the interview, I learnt that HR Managers operate on a kind of ad hoc schedule, as their schedule of tasks would largely be determined by the issues that arise on a day-to-day basis. Among the major issues faced by the HR Manager include the determination of the most appropriate employees during recruitment. Issues of remuneration also keep arising with employees always seeking to earn more irrespective of their contribution to the organization’s profitability. The establishment and distribution of benefits and managing outsourcing also stands out as major issues that the HR Manager handles on a regular basis. He faces the challenge of resolving conflict among employees and solving issues that jeopardize work safety. The HR Manager faces issues of resolving discrimination and harassment cases to ensure equality and respect among employees in the organization. To develop the field of HR, there would be need for more competent HR managers, thus the need for pursuance of relevant academic qualifications. A master’s degree such as Master

If time travel were possible, to what time period and place in history Essay

If time travel were possible, to what time period and place in history would you return to live Give reasons for your decision to live in this period and locat - Essay Example It is during this time that one of the world's greatest writers originated, William Shakespeare. It was not only an era of romance but also one of reality. The poor of the country were treated well and their well being was thought of. Even though peace was not absolute but it was general. When Queen Elizabeth inherited the throne, the country was bankrupt. It was her policies that restored some of the huge debts that the country was under and increased prosperity. In terms of economic development, the first stock exchange was developed during this period by Sir Thomas Gresham. Before this period, witches were prosecuted and torture was common for all types of crimes. Once Elizabeth came to power, such events became rare, although they did take place but not on such a scale to be noticed. There was much research in science and technology. Most of these achievements were in the field of navigation. There were many small and insignificant inventions as well. Bottled beer, one of the things we take for granted was invented during this era in 1568. Among other things were the flush toilet, knitting machine, telescope, pencil and pocket watch. The first time the English tried to settle in North America was during this era. Women were brought up to believe that they were inferior to men and that their job was to obey the men in their household.

Education and Medicines in Saudi Arabia and the United States Research Paper

Education and Medicines in Saudi Arabia and the United States - Research Paper Example In spite of having various similarities, Saudi Arabia and USA are acutely diverse in various fields. In the field of education, the two countries have a completely different outlook in terms of approach towards education, the rate of literacy, religion followed in school (). Other educational differences include the gender roles, grading scales and stages of education (Stevenson). For instance, attendance is mandatory for primary and secondary level students in the USA, whereas attendance is not mandatory in similar levels in Saudi Arabia (Stevenson). Also, while the USA boasts of a literacy rate of almost 99% for both men and women, Saudi Arabia holds a literacy rate of only 84.7% for men and 70.8% for women (Stevenson). Moreover, the two countries differ grossly in terms of religion followed. Although the majority of the US population follows Christianity, the country is home to the followers of various diverse religions as well. However, Saudi Arabia is a country that strictly fol lows Islam and Muslims dominate society. Also, the two countries exhibit totally uncommon lifestyles (â€Å"The Differences†). People have a conservative mindset in terms of women. Here two women are forbidden to go outside together. Moreover, they have to keep their heads covered in public. On the other hand, USA reveals a liberal and democratic mindset in which both the genders can enjoy equal privileges (â€Å"The Differences†). Strangely, the countries, Saudi Arabia and the United States reveal both similarities and dissimilarities.

CRJS410 Unit 2IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CRJS410 Unit 2IP - Research Paper Example that every unit (city, town, county or state) whose data has been made availed is unique and faces unique challenges so that it is unfair and not empirical, to compare two different and incomparable units. Conversely, the warning is also issued because the public has the proclivity to make comparative assessments by comparing statistical data of different units. These units neither factor the complex-whole because information gathering has to be limited to certain objectives nor do members of the public consider the overlooking of the complex-whole in the war on crime. The import of this is that the public is bound to make wrong conclusions in their assessments, since they had wrong premises fed by inadequate information. The overall impact of the foregoing can take a multifaceted look as the public is bound to make wrong conclusions to the effect that a unit is ineffective or moribund in the war on crime. The culmination of this may be the straining of the police/law-enforcement-public/community relations (Hayes, 2005). This is a widely held and oversimplified conception about a thing, a person or a group of people. An action such as an arrest that may be informed by this widely held and oversimplified conception toward a person may also be referred to as stereotyping. Racism is an action that is informed by the unfounded belief that members of each race have abilities, inadequacies and characteristics that are specific to the given race, as a way of distinguish the race as being superior or inferior to other races or another race (Philip and Tilman, 2007). The term institutional support refers to a part of the economic environment of law enforcement which comprises institutions and authorities whose active support and decisions (such as law, financial and non-financial logistics and regulations determine the functioning of any law enforcement organ. Social categorization refers to the process or the act of classifying people into groups according to similar

Education and Medicines in Saudi Arabia and the United States Research Paper

Education and Medicines in Saudi Arabia and the United States - Research Paper Example In spite of having various similarities, Saudi Arabia and USA are acutely diverse in various fields. In the field of education, the two countries have a completely different outlook in terms of approach towards education, the rate of literacy, religion followed in school (). Other educational differences include the gender roles, grading scales and stages of education (Stevenson). For instance, attendance is mandatory for primary and secondary level students in the USA, whereas attendance is not mandatory in similar levels in Saudi Arabia (Stevenson). Also, while the USA boasts of a literacy rate of almost 99% for both men and women, Saudi Arabia holds a literacy rate of only 84.7% for men and 70.8% for women (Stevenson). Moreover, the two countries differ grossly in terms of religion followed. Although the majority of the US population follows Christianity, the country is home to the followers of various diverse religions as well. However, Saudi Arabia is a country that strictly fol lows Islam and Muslims dominate society. Also, the two countries exhibit totally uncommon lifestyles (â€Å"The Differences†). People have a conservative mindset in terms of women. Here two women are forbidden to go outside together. Moreover, they have to keep their heads covered in public. On the other hand, USA reveals a liberal and democratic mindset in which both the genders can enjoy equal privileges (â€Å"The Differences†). Strangely, the countries, Saudi Arabia and the United States reveal both similarities and dissimilarities.

The Bullwhip Effect Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Bullwhip Effect - Assignment Example The Bullwhip Effect is of great concern because it can lead to low profits, increased costs, poor use of transport and storage facilities, inefficiency in the use of limited resources and even crisis in placing orders. All these reasons explain why this is a great area of interest (Bhattacharya & Bandyopadhyay, 2011). It is also a significant area that should be studied in order to increase efficiency in how enterprises carry their day to day activities. I am also interested in this topic because I would like to contribute to its solution. Moreover, an aspect of academic curiosity sparked my interest in the topic. The research conducted shows a number of similarities with what I learned in the Module. For instance, the definition of the Bullwhip Effect tends to be the same. Even the environment and circumstances in which it occurs is very similar. For both, the phenomenon occurs in a supply chain where there are members placing orders to each subsequent member in the upstream. In both, the fact that Bullwhip Effect results in an increased or exaggerated variability in the upstream end more than the downstream is recognized. The Bullwhip effect arises as a result of various factors. Some of the causes are rationing and shortage gaming, price fluctuations, demand forecast, updating and order batching. These causes coupled up with the manager’s decisions, most of which are rational, lead to the Bullwhip Effect. Forecasts made based on information from the member down the stream lead to amplification of demand. Dependence on these downstream pieces of information to plan for inventory ofte n misleads. As such, many upstream members end up having a greater variability of demand (Lee et al., 2014). Another cause is the frequent change in prices in the market. Sometimes the manufacturers reduce the prices of their products. This makes more suppliers in the downstream end to do ‘forward buying’. This is in a

Womens Heart Health Promotion in New Zealand

Womens Heart Health Promotion in New Zealand Karenne Melo Rosarie Ann Nicole Trespeces Joanne Tolentino Fight Against Heart Disease in Women: A Health Promotion Plan Health Promotion is the process of enabling people to have a control over their wellbeing—physical, emotional, socio-cultural and spiritual. Without encouragement from health professionals, improvement of health and reduction of the incidence of illnesses and disabilities is impossible to attain. Thus, health strategies in promoting health must take priority. In this paper, a health promotion plan on Heart Disease in Women, which is one of the objectives of the New Zealand Health strategies will be presented. New Zealand has a growing frequency rate of heart disease mainly because of its rising population, an ageing population and lifestyle variations such as smoking, having secondary lifestyle or physical inactivity and changes in diet. According to the Ministry of Health (2014), heart disease is the number one cause of mortality in New Zealand and is responsible for 30% death cases per year. One dies from heart disease every 90 minutes, giving a total number of 16 deaths per day in New Zealand. The Health Strategy for New Zealand gives a background for the health sector to inflate the total health status of New Zealanders and to lessen inequalities amongst New Zealanders. The unequal distribution of social determinants in terms of age, sex, hereditary factors, financial, education, occupation and housing conditions are associated with health inequalities. According to Ministry of Health (2012), â€Å"addressing these social determinants of inequalities requires a total health approach that takes justification and explanation of all the influences on health and in what way they can be commenced to improve overall health status. This method necessitates both intersectoral action that addresses the social and economic determinants of health and action within health and disability services.† Ministry of Health (2012), recommend philosophies in health that should be applied to any activities to safeguard inequalities in health in those activities. In the proposed framework, it includes making and imposing extensive strategies which are the following: Structural – social, financial, national and historical health inequalities root grounds identification Intermediary pathways – comprises psychosocial and behavioral factors that intercede the influence of structural factors on health Health and disability services – it is a thorough actions undertaking Impact – on socioeconomic situation minimization (MOH, 2012) Further, the key to Health Promotion here in New Zealand is the founding document of the Treaty of Waitangi. It is an agreement between the relationship of the Crown and the Maori. The crown represents the non-Maori people and the New Zealand government. The treaty of Waitangi is a document that provides the framework of Maori and non-Maori health development and well-being. This is to ensure that both parties are equally respected in terms of providing their health care needs. Also, to reduce the incidence of inequities between the Maori and Non-Maori, it is very important to acknowledge the Treaty of Waitangi and the treaty principles which is participation, partnership and protection. In participation, it emphasizes the involvement of Maori in planning, monitoring and evaluating programs. While the principle of partnership, refers to the relationship of Maori and non-Maori in making health plan, policies and programs. In making all these strategies and health promotion, it is important to include the principle of protection. This is to ensure that the interest of the Maori is protected and both Maori and Non-Maori have equal health status and outcomes (Ministry of Health, 2003). Moreover, the Ottawa Charter was first created during the first international conference on Health Promotion which was held in Ottawa, Canada in November, 1986. It is the key founding document of health promotion in New Zealand. This framework has provided a useful tool guide for actions and implementation of health promotion (Ministry of Health, 2003). Health Promotion Plan on Women’s Heart Disease The annual plan includes assessment, prevention and control programs, monitoring and evaluation, indirect management and administrative operations. Goal: The program aims to reduce the incidence of Women’s heart disease and control its complications by ensuring that Women in New Zealand have opportunities to access the health services/ programs. General Objectives: To conduct health assessment of women who are at risk for developing heart disease; To implement prevention and control program, such as eat well and be heart healthy, stretch and sweat, and fight against tobacco related death; To monitor and evaluate improvement of health and effectiveness of programs; To ensure practitioners are skilled and well-trained to be efficient in providing health promotion campaigns and education; To support operations in the conduct of the programs; Health Control and Prevention Programs Title: How’s your heart? Heart disease assessment and education Rationale: Screening tests and knowledge on heart disease are the keys to prevent cardiovascular disease (American Heart Association, 2014). Regular screening tests should begin at age 20 because this would serve as an eye-opener for women to modify their lifestyle or make necessary changes to prevent development of heart diseases. Education provides knowledge to women on how to make heart healthy and how to prevent heart diseases Goal: To provide free heart screening services in public health hospitals or centers monthly and provide regular health education campaigns and educational materials such as brochures, flyers, posters, pamphlets. Target population: Women living in New Zealand starting age 20. Strategies: Actions: Communicate and ask support to the Ministry of Health and Board of Trustees of the hospital for the implementation of the program, Involvement of Maori, Pacific, and other locals or migrants to support, contribute and participate in program development. Range of Activities: Vital screening tests are blood pressure, body weight, Fasting Lipoprotein Profile (cholesterol and triglycerides), blood glucose. Health Education Settings: Public Health Hospitals and Community Health Centers for the screening, University and Workplace for Education and a door-to-door campaign Title: Eat well and be heart healthy Rationale: Improving nutrition to reduce the prevalence of weight gain or obesity, a precursor to heart disease takes priority and be addressed (Willett, Koplan, Nugent, Dusenbury, Puska, Gaziano, 2006). In New Zealand, obesity is also one of the targets Health Strategies. Goal: To ensure mothers’/ women’s class shall be conducted to provide adequate knowledge on proper diet and menu preparation. Target population: Women living in New Zealand starting age 20. Strategies: Actions: Communicate and ask support to the Ministry of Health and Community authorities for the implementation of the program, Involvement of Maori, Pacific, and other locals or migrants to support, contribute and participate in program development. Range of Activities: Healthy food policy development, Food diary and menu planning, Health Education Settings: Public Health Hospitals and Community Health Centers, University and Workplace for Education and a door-to-door campaign Title: Stretch and Sweat Activities Rationale: Sedentary activity among women is known to be a major risk factor in developing heart disease next to smoking. In the year 2009, 246 New Zealanders had premature death caused by lack of physical activity). Failing to do physical inactivity can highly contribute to another risk factor like high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Sedentary activities may lead to poor health outcomes (Auckland Council, Waikato Regional Council, and Wellington Regional Strategy Committee, 2013). Evidently, active physical activities are beneficial to maintain a good health. It is helpful for maintaining a healthy heart and body. It is not only considered to be a preventive measure, but also a treatment itself (Auckland Council, Waikato Regional Council, and Wellington Regional Strategy Committee, 2013). According to Heart Foundation (2004), active physical activity can reduce up to 50% of incidence and fatality rate of heart disease. While, those with existing heart disease will have 25% decrease chance of dying from another heart attack. Goal: To incorporate 30 minutes of moderate to intense physical activities into the daily activities of women at least 5-7 times a week (Heart Foundation, 2004). Target Population: To achieve a maximum health benefit, it is important for people to be physically active. According to Active New Zealand Survey (2015), they identified that women are most likely to be inactive than men. This is due to the different factors that hinder them from participating in any physical activities. As stated by the World Health Organization (2015), lower income of women may be a barrier to access physical activity. Aside from that, women have limited time to engage in physical activities because of their caregiving roles at home. Strategies: Actions: Communicate and ask support to the Ministry of Health and Community authorities for the implementation of the program, Involvement of Maori, Pacific, and other locals or migrants to support, contribute and participate in program development. Range of Activities: Free yoga every Tuesday and Thursday morning and afternoon, Free Zumba class during weekends, Fun run activities and bike and hike activities Settings: Parks and open fields Title: Fight against Tobacco related death Rationale: According to the Ministry of Health, the main cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality in New Zealand is tobacco use. It is responsible for an estimated 4,300 to 4,600 deaths per year and it contributes considerably in the development of some heart disease. Tobacco consumption is one of the health inequalities in New Zealand as increased smoking incidence are seen amongst groups that have low income. On the other hand, approximately 1.3 billion individuals uses tobacco worldwide and it causes five million premature deceases annually. At the present stage, it is responsible for the mortality ratio of one in ten adults worldwide. As per WHO (2014), tobacco usage will result in to 10 million deaths annually by year 2020 if present patterns remain. Goal: The three key objectives of tobacco control strategies are to lessen initiation of smoking, to double the likelihood of quitting and to lessen the exposure to second- hand smoking. Target Population: The no smoking strategies are intended to become routine practice for all health care workers in connection to those individual who smoke. Nevertheless, within the population of individual who consumes tobacco there are specific target population. These are Maori and Pacific people as these population display considerably increase incidence of tobacco use compare to other population. New Zealand Health Survey 2013, found out that Maori women were two times probable to be a smoker in comparison in women in entire population while both Maori and Pacific men were 1.5 times probable to be smoker in comparison in the entire population. Another important target population are parents’ ages 15 to 45 years of age. Helping parents to stop smoking is vital to further lessening smoking initiation by children and young age. Strategies: Actions: Communicate and ask support to the Ministry of Health and Community authorities for the implementation of the program, Involvement of Maori, Pacific, and other locals or migrants to support, contribute and participate in program development. Range of Activities: Health Education, Smoke free celebration activities, individualized quit smoking plan, house-to-house monitoring, also promotion of nicotine replacement therapy. Nicotine Replacement Therapy comes in five forms that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. These are nicotine patches (transdermal nicotine system), nicotine gum (nicotine polacrilex), nicotine nasal spray, nicotine inhalers and nicotine lozenges.These are locally available which can be consumed for eight weeks, and double the chances of quitting as these will diminish smoking cravings without affecting one’s health. Monitoring and Evaluation: Each program must be monitored and evaluated whether effective or not in order to modify the program and conduct research studies on how to improve health. Indirect management and administrative operations: Attendance to meetings, convention, trainings, and summit is very important to ensure that the practitioners are skilled and effective in promoting health on heart disease. Support to operations: The funding and budget allocated for the health programs, which includes the education and campaign materials By and large, health promotion is critical in the health care delivery system, and that must be practiced to prevent or eradicate onset of diseases. Further, the involvement and consultancy of the people in the community in the development of programs are extremely significant to identify health threats and problems properly, and make necessary intervention programs tailored to their needs. Consequently, would address and prevent health inequalities and improve health outcomes. References Auckland Council, Waikato Regional Council, Wellington Regional Strategy Committee. (2013). Information for General Practice on Physical Activity and Heart Disease. Retrieved on March 30, 2015, from http://wellington.govt.nz/~/media/about-wellington/research-and-evaluation/people-and-community/2013-costs-physical-inactivity-regional-accounting-perspective.pdf Active New Zealand Suvey. (2015). Part 1: How active are we? how active do we want to be? Retrieved on March 30, 2015, from http://www.activenzsurvey.org.nz/Results/NZ-Sport-and-Physical-Surveys-9701/SPARC-Facts-97-01/Part-1/ American Heart Association. (2014). Heart-Health Screenings. Retrieved on March 30, 2015 from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Heart-Health-Screenings_UCM_428687_Article.jsp Heart Research Institute. (2013). Heart Disease in New Zealand. Retrieved on March 18, 2015, from http://www.hri.org.nz/about-heart-disease/heart-facts/ Heart Foundation. (2004). Information for General Practice on Physical Activity and Heart Disease. Retrieved on March 30, 2015, from http://www.heartfoundation.org.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/GP-PA-and-heart-disease.pdf Ministry of Health. (2003). A Guide to Developing Health Promotion Programmes in Primary Health Care Settings. Retrieved on March 31, 2015, from http://www.hauora.co.nz/assets/files/PHO%20Info/dvpinghealthpromotionprogs.pdf Ministry of Health. (2013). Implementing the ABC Approach for Smoking Cessation. Retrieved on March 18, 2015, from https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/implementing-abc-approach-smoking-cessation-feb09.pdf Ministry of Health. (2013). Reducing Inequalities in Health. Retrieved on March 18, 2015, from https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/reducineqal.pdf Quitline. (2013). Nicotine patches, gum and lozenges. Retrieved on March 18, 2015, from http://www.quit.org.nz/62/help-to-quit/nicotine-patches-gum-and-lozenges Willett, W.Koplan, J.Nugent, R.Dusenbury, C.,Puska, P. Gaziano, T. (2006). Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries 2nd ed. Retrieved March 29, 2015 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11795/ World Health Organization. (2015). Physical Activity and Women. Retrieved on March 30,2015, from http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_women/en/ World Health Organization. (2015). Health Promotion. Retrieved on March 30, 2015, from http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/ World Health Organization. (2014). Why is tobacco a public health priority? Retrieved on March 18, 2015, fromhttp://www.who.int/tobacco/health_priority/en/print.html.

Self-discovery, Destruction, and Preservation in Frankenstein Essay

Self-discovery, Destruction, and Preservation in Frankenstein      Ã‚  Ã‚   Mary Shelley's Frankenstein explores the downfall of certain human characteristics, set to the backdrop of creation, destruction, and preservation. The subtitle denoted by Shelly herself supports this idea, by relating the fact that the title can be viewed as either Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus. One scholar, Marilyn Butler, also maintains this by noting, "It can be a late version of the Faust Myth"(302). Shelly uses the story of the main character, Victor Frankenstein, to produce the concept of a dooming human characteristic of which Frankenstein states, "I have . . . been blasted in these hopes"(Shelley, 152). The reader finds, as a result of his thirst for knowledge and infatuation with science, Victor creates a living being by whom he has "suffered great and unparalleled misfortunes"(Shelley, 17). Eventually, Victor realizes this self-destructive trait, but he is not able to save himself stating, "I have lost everything, and cannot begin life ane w"(Shelley, 16). Although everything in his life that is dear has been lost, Victor is able to convince one in his same position--Robert Walton--to not "lead [his crew] unwillingly to danger"(Shelley, 151). While addressing the concept of characteristic and self-discovery, it is possible to realize that the monster also possesses the characteristics held by both Victor and Walton; except in his learning, the monster is driven to continue to cause destruction. Most important about the thirst for knowledge is that, as a form of human characteristic or downfall, it leads to large, critical pieces of self-discovery. In obtaining these critical pieces, Frankenstein finds satisfaction in j... ...s Frankenstein. New Haven Yale University Press, 1998. Butler, Marilyn. "Frankenstein and Radical Science." Reprinted in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Norton Critical Edition. 1993; New York: W. W. Norton, 1996. 302-313. Gilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar. "Mary Shelley's Monstrous Eve." Reprinted in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Norton Critical Edition. 1979; New York: W. W. Norton, 1996. 225-240. Moers, Ellen. "Female Gothic: The Monster's Mother." Reprinted in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Norton Critical Edition. 1976; New York: W. W. Norton, 1996. 214-224. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Norton Critical Edition. 1818; New York: W. W. Norton, 1996. Storment, Suzanna. "Frankenstein: The Man and the Monster." Commentary page. October 2002. Washington State University. 8 April 2003. http://www.wsu.edu/~delahoyd/frank.comment3.html.   

Essay --

Ideology â€Å"An ideology is a set of conscious and unconscious ideas that constitute one’s goals, expectations, and actions.† Today term ideology is used in many ways, which sometimes it is difficult to describe. Based on dictionary, an ideology is the body of ideas reflecting the social needs and aspirations of a(n) individual, group, class, or culture. I think from the definitions that I wrote above, ideology is the understanding that if propagated and practiced in the community then it’s called ideology. So, if someone shares something that we all understand or belief, we can call it an ideology. For example, a group of people living near the wilderness might share the ideology that it is not wise to venture into the bush alone and at night. Another example is that people who live in the city, for the most part, might believe that it make sense to look both ways before crossing a street. Common sense ideology often concerns the protection of the individual and community as a whole. Actually, ideology is an important concept to be studied in Political Science. The term ideology is ma...

Food in My Family Essay

I come from a very diverse ethnic background, with many variations of what maybe considered cultural foods. I have many fond memories of family reunions and all the interesting dishes my relatives would prepare. Food in my family holds so much meaning; it’s the glue that has held us together for many years even before I was born. Food in my family isn’t just a substance we consume in order to keep our bodies healthy and energized. When we create a meal, it’s as if we are creating art by expressing ourselves in our dish. We take the time to perfect our meals, while also keeping our tradition alive by incorporating the same rituals as our ancestors before us. When it came to certain meals my mother was very traditional in preparing it, and it had to be done a certain way or it was ruined. She wanted to maintain our family’s culture in each dish she prepared. She felt as if by doing this it kept our ancestor’s memories alive; with each recipe preserved to its natural and formal state with zero alteration kept our tradition alive. She didn’t believe in wasting food, so when she prepared dishes she would make sure to cook everything from the head to the feet. My mother’s favorite dish to create was Peni which means pig in Spanish. I remember going to the meat market and having to wait on long lines to buy a whole pig so that she can begin prepping it for the family reunion that was scheduled for next week. My mother always said â€Å"Una de Las cosas mas importantes de recordar es que no es el alimento que usted come que es importante pero como usted lo creo que lo hace memorable†. In English it means â€Å"One of the most important things to remember is that it is not the food you eat that is important, but its how you created it that makes it memorable. † Preparing meals for a family reunion takes a group effort; especially if it requires large quantities of food needed. I believe it brought us closer together when we were cooking the meals compare to when we actually sat down to eat it. Everyone had there own responsibilities to help contribute to the meals, my family was big on making sure no one was left out. It brought everyone together as a whole, no matter what prier arguments you had with one another or what grudges you may have construed towards each other. It was always put aside when it came to family reunion, because on that day nothing else mattered but family. I believe certain foods can trigger certain memories, depending on what your mind can connect it too. For example every time I smell the sweet sent of buttered pancakes in the morning with a side of bacon. It reminds me of my mom and how I use to wake up and run to the kitchen as fast as I can trying to beat my brothers to the table, because I knew they would eat up all the beacon. It reminds me of happier days; when I use to not have to worry about anything and I could just be myself. When my mother would create Peni it would take hours to just prepare it and then she would have to wrap it up in alumini foil so that it would allow the seasonings to settle in. With big family reunions it bound to have some people bring the similar dishes. Even though they cooked the same type of meat doesn’t mean that they are the same dish. Since they were prepared by two different people with different backgrounds, the dish itself represents two completely different styles. For example my mother cooked a lot of her foods traditionally, because that’s how she was raised. She grew up with the knowledge of our ancestor recipes, but our relatives from other countries grow up with their own cooking style. They made it the best way they felt expresses themselves and what they grew accustom to. I looked forward to having family reunions not just because I enjoyed learning how create new dishes, but also I wanted to feel closer to my relatives who I hardly ever get to see. By tasting their foods I was able to take a journey to their home town. I was able to taste all the seasoning that they grew up with and to what they felt best express the true essence of the meat. From the bitter sweet aroma to the texture of how it was deliciously prepared with each morsel I bit into, you could tell how much attention to detail was put into it. I love trying new things especially created by my family members because their style of cooking was so different compare to what I was used to; it was so unique. It always surprised me how dramatically different there dishes tasted compared to my mothers. They would use ingredients I didn’t expect would ever mix so wonderfully together. That’s why I believe when you create a meal it is a form of expression of who you are and where you come from. Every time I eat Peni it reminds me of many different fond memories of my mother, because that was what she loved to make. She took pride in her cooking and because of it I also take pride in everything I cook.

Initial Public Offer

Initial public offer (IPO) as the name suggests refers to when a company goes public or issue shares of the company to the public in order to raise capital for the first time. After the IPO, the company gets listed and its shares are traded on stock exchange. Once it gets listed then the permission to trade these shares is granted by shareholders i. e. to whom the shares have been allotted in the IPO. There can be many reasons for bringing out an IPO. First, when the company issues new shares to the public, then the money raised from public goes to the company. Second, when the Govt. Sell their stake in the company to the public, then the money raised goes to the Govt. (like the disinvestment of PSUs). However, one must be wondering why would individuals invest in a particular company? The answer is dividends. The shareholders expect the company will distribute the share of future profits among them as dividends. How an IPO is conducted IPOs generally involve book runners i. e. one or more investment banks known as underwriters. The underwriters retain a portion of the proceeds as their fee. This fee is called an underwriting spread. Various methods of conducting an IPO are Dutch auction, Firm Commitment, Best Efforts, Bought Deal and Self Distribution of stock. IPOs can be made through the Fixed Price Method or Book Building Method. In the fixed price method, the price at which the securities are offered is fixed in advance. In the book building method, the investors have to bid for shares within a price band specified by the issuer and the final price is decided after observing the result of the bidding. The fixing of the band and the bidding process are done with the help of an investment bank or a group of several companies specializing in securities. While most of the companies are eligible to make a public issue are free to decide the price band but infrastructure companies are subject to follow SEBI norms as well as banks are required to get RBI’s permission. The prices are decided by the company's board of directors, which fixes the band after consulting the book runner (particularly an investment bank). In India, the issuer is allowed a price band of 20% (that is the cap of band should not be more than 20% above the floor price i. e. the lowest price that a seller will accept). After deciding the band, bids are invited on all prices of the band. Once the book is closed, the seller fixes the price at which all of its shares will get sold. However, there can be a situation of Oversubscription of an IPO (i. e. if applications are received for more number of shares than the company is authorised to allot). In that case, the allocations would be done proportionately among all the successful bidders i. e. among those bidders who did bidding at the price determined by the company or at the price higher than that. After the price has been determined on the basis of bidding, the public advertisement containing the rice as well as table showing the number of securities and the amount payable by an investor is issued. Various Investors Involved ? ? ? Retail Investors Non-Institutional Investors Qualified Institutional Buyers If a company is making an issue through 100 % book building process then1) Minimum 35% shall be offered to Retail Investors 2) Minimum 15% shall be offered to Non-Institutional Investors 3) Maximum 50% shall be off ered to Qualified Institutional Buyers. There can also be FPO (Follow on public offer) when company’s offer to the public is not for the first time. There are certain advantages attached with going public. Capital can be used to pay off existing debt or to fund capital expenditure. Moreover, another advantage is an increased public awareness of a particular company as IPOs helps in attracting new potential customers which may ultimately leads to increase in the market share of a company. Before deciding whether to go public or not, a company must evaluate all the potential benefits or challenges that will arise. The book runners involved in the process (i. e. investment banks) are given the responsibility to find out the pros and cons of an IPO and determine whether it is favourable or not for the company.

Malaysia Is A Multiracial Country Essay

Malaysia is a multiracial country with a rich cultural heritage. Here, people strongly believe in respecting each other’s culture and religion. Malaysia is unique because of its diversity of races, religions and cultures, the stability of the country and many places of interests. Besides, there are many international achievements which are the pride of our nation. Diversity of races, religions and cultures is a significant characteristisc of our nation. Languages There are as many languages spoken in Malaysia as there are people of different ethnic backgrounds. Bahasa Malaysia is the official language, but luckily for expats in Malaysia, English is an active second language which is widely spoken particularly by business people. The official term for the English used by people living in Malaysia is Malaysian Standard English. The use of â€Å"Manglish† is a form of colloquial English with Malay, Chinese and Tamil influences often heard on the streets, is being actively discouraged by the government. In total, there are over 130 different languages spoken in Malaysia. The most common ones – apart from the Bahasa Malaysia and English – are various Chinese dialects as well as Tamil. Costumes Most Malaysians dress as Westerners do but many Muslim women wear long skirts or pants and head scarves. On special occasion, people from each ethnic group wear their traditional clothes. For Malay women, they wear the baju kurung while Malay men wear the baju melayu with a songkok on their head. Althernatively, the men wear batik shirts with trousers. Indian women wear the sari. The salwar kameez or Punjabi suit is popular with northern Indian ladies. The kurta is the traditional attire for men or formal occasions. For Chinese , the traditional clothes for women is Cheongsam while for the man they wear samfu. Peranakan ladies are also known as Baba Nyonya , they are Chinese immigrants who intermarried Malay partners. They wear the elegant Kebaya that can be described as traditional high fashion.

International Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

International Economics - Essay Example vements of goods and services from one country to another, globalization has made a revolutionary changes in the market especially when it comes with issues related to the burgeoisie or the employer and the proletariat which pertained to employees (Steger, 2003, p. 37). As a result of changing the traditional way of conducting business and employment under the era of globaliztion, the culture and traditions, social, and economic condition within a society changes. There is a positive and negative impact associated with globalization. The positive impact includes the fact that globalization open a lot of new business or employment opportunities to people living in developing countries. However, people who live in developed countries will also suffer from the consequences of transferring some of the available jobs to low-paid competitive individuals who are working in developing countries. Specifically the shift from a pure national economy towards a more globalized economy is possible through continuous global trade, outsourcing of goods and services, foreign direct investment, the use of information and communication technology, migration, and the international capital flows (Friedman, 2008, p. 49; Bhagwati, 2004). For this reason, Lopez (2000) stated that the â€Å"economic power of a country is no longer strongly associated with political power†. In relation to globalization, this study will discuss the main purpose of establishing the world trade organization and GATT. As part of going through the main discussion, the current and most recent trade negotiations at the world trade organization will be identified followed by assessing its economic benefit as a result of a successful conclusion. In line with this, the economic importance of encouraging fair price competition in the market, strategic ways on how the implementation of GATT rules were able to encourage fair price competition will be tackled in details. Globalization is â€Å"a process of interaction and

Econometrics 'A' project for MSc Economics degree course Essay

Econometrics 'A' project for MSc Economics degree course - Essay Example However, in this research we are only interested in examining the effect of total experience and attainment of a specific level of education on the wage differential between the sexes. Total experience was obtained by adding ‘months since hire’ and ‘previous Experience’ This study utilized secondary sources for data collection. The use of secondary data is useful because it is cost efficient and saves time for the independent researcher (Glaser, 1963; Hyman, 1978; Hayashi, 2000). The independent researcher has limited financial resources because he or she works alone. Such researchers are usually professionals who attempt to research some significant social problem on a part-time basis. Description of the Research Design A two-step attempt was made to discover if the income of professional females increases at the same rate as that of males with comparable education as the experience increase. During the first step the existence and strength of a relationshi p between salary and experience for male and female professionals with a given university degree in a specific job were researched using correlational methodology. During the second step a comparison was made between the incomes of males and females with the same experience. Attainment of an educational degree was held constant for each given professional position. The correlational research method was selected as the primary methodology because of its ability to discover relationships among logical variables (Wooldridge, 2008). Research Hypothesis It appears that there is a lack of congruence in the literature in establishing an association between level of income, experience and gender, and also a lack of significant research efforts towards establishing a link between income and experience by gender identification, therefore, the hypothesis was stated as a null hypothesis (Albrect et al., 2003; Atkinson et al., 2003; Blau et al., 2006). Locke, Spirduso, and Silverman (1987) recom mend that if one researches a question where no well-established theory exists one should use the format of the null-hypothesis. There will be no difference in the salary of males and females at given experience when other factors, such as academic degree (bachelor's, master's, or associate degree), and professional position are held constant. Variables The variables in this study's regression analysis are as follows: Male/female relationship (the numerical value of 0 was assigned to the male and 1 to the female variable), education and experience were considered indepen ­dent variables; annual salary depends on the aforementioned variables and therefore is considered the dependent vari ­able. A dummy variable was introduced by multiplying experience by the value of the male/female relationship for the reason mentioned below. The first independent variable, that is, male/female, was selected for its possible effect on the difference in earnings between the sexes. The second inde pendent variable, experience (in months), was chosen for its possible effect on the earning of any individual. The third indepen ­dent variable, education, allows the individual to enter a given professional position. And finally the fourth independent variable, the dummy variable, was supposed to trigger possible changes over time, that is, the closing of the male/female